Po dnešku jsem se rozhodla, že napíšu Vám, Vám všem a dočtěte to prosím do konce.
Když moje velká kamarádka udělala jednu blbost, zdrbala jsem ji jak malou holku. Nechápala jsem jak může něco takového udělat, i pod vlivem alkoholu. Ale po dnešku se jí chci omluvit, bylo blbý ji odsoudit, a teď udělat to samý. ....... promiň. Moc mě mrzí, že místo toho abych tě podržela, tak jsem tě zdrbala, jak malou holku.
Vy všichni co tohle budete číst, ať už je vám  15,  20, 30, 45 nebo 60 let, neubližujte sami sobě. Nemá to cenu, bolet tu bude zase a zase jenom Vás. A nic to nevyřeší. Vím, že se to jednoduše řekne a hůř dělá. Ale tohle je vlastní zkušenost. Nic a ani nikdo Vám nestojí za to abyste zranili sami sebe.
Vždycky se najde někdo kdo vás nakopne do života.A já za tyhle lidi moc a moc děkuju. Vážím si jich

Speech

 I had to describe the system of government in Great Britain, in USA and in our republic.

So I begin with the political system in Great Britain. Britain is a constitutional monarchy. It means that the head of the state is the queen but she can act only on advice of her ministers. The Constitution of United Kingdom is unwritten; it is based on custom, traditional common law.

    The supreme law-making body in the country is Parliament. It consists of: the House of Commons and the House of Lords. British parliamentary system is one of the oldest in the world, it developed slowly during 13th century after King John‘s signature of Magna Charta.

    The Commons has 650 elected and paid Members of Parliament - about 520 from England, about 70 from Scotland, about 40 from Wales and about 20 from Northern Ireland. The Lords is made up of hereditary of life peers (Lords Temporal), 2 archbishops and 24 bishops of the Church of England (Lord Spiritual).

    The Prime Minister chooses about 20 ministers to from special advisory group called the Cabinet. Most cabinet ministers are a head of government departments. The Chancellor of the Exchequer is head of the finance department, iťs called also the Treasury and the Foreign Secretary is the minister in charge of foreign affairs.

    There are two main parties - Labourists and Liberals. General elections to choose Members of Parliaments are every five years. Voting is not compulsory and is from the age of 18. There are also local elections, when people vote for councilors to represent them in their city, borough or district.

    Now I‘ll be talking about the system of government in the USA. The USA with the President as the head of state is a federation of 50 states. United States rose on the basin of the Constitution. The constitution went into effect in the year 1787. This document guarantees freedom of religion, free speech, the right of citizens to bear arms, the right to a fair trial and protection against cruel and unusual punishment. It gave the USA the principle of a balance power divided into three branches - legislative, executive and judicial.

    The legislative branch is made up of elected representatives. The main body is called the Congress - its seat is in Capitol. The Congress is divided into two parts - the House of Representatives and the Senate. The House of Representatives consist of about 450 lawmakers who are elected according to the population of each state and serve for two years. The Senate has 100 members - 2 members from each state, who serve six years. The main task of the Congress is to make federal laws, declare war and deal with foreign treaties.

    The executive branch is represented by the President and 13 executive departments. The President together with his Vice-President is chosen in nation-wide elections every 4 years. The President can be elected only to two terms. Presidential powers are rather big - he proposes bills, can veto or refuse a bill, he is the Commander-in-Chief of Armed Forces, makes treaties, and appoints federal judges and ambassadors. The present departments are: State, Treasure, Defense, Justice, Interior, Agriculture, Commerce, Labour, Health and Human Services, Housing and Urban Development, Transportation, Energy, and Education.

    There are also two parties. There are The Republican Party and The Democratic Party.

    So now I will talk about our republic. The Czech Republic is a sovereign and democratic state. Its government is divided into three branches - the legislative, represented by Parliament, the executive, represented by the president ant the government, and the judicial, represented by courts at various levels.

The Parliament consists of two chambers - the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate. There are 200 Deputies and 81 Senators. The elections to the Chamber of Deputies take place every four years while every two years one third of the Senators are renewed. When this time come, every citizens from the age of 18 can exercise the universal, equal, direct, and secured right to vote. The Parliament is a lawmaking body.

    The President is elected every five years by the Parliament but no one serve more than two terms in office in row. The President represents the state abroad and concludes foreign treaties. He has also many duties in relation to the other bodies of government. The President is also the commander-in-chef of the army. He can say veto to bills and can return the bill to the Parliament.

   The government is composed of the premier, the vice-premiers, and ministers. The several ministries, headed by ministers are Interior, Foreign Affairs, Defense, Justice, Commerce, Agriculture, Education, Finance, Transport, Labour and Social Affairs, Culture, and Health.

There are many parties. The strongest are Civic Democratic Party and Social Democratic Party.

Royal family in GB

Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother

has been the official title of the mother of the present Queen since the death other husband, King George VL She has been popular with the British people ever since her tours of bombed areas of London during the Second World War. She was born in 900 and is the most consistently popular member of the royal family.

Queen Elizabeth II

was born in 1926 and became Queen in 1952. She is one of the longest-reigning rnonarchs in British history. She is widely respected for the way in which she performs her duties and is generally popular.

Prince Charles, the Prince of Wales

 was born in 1948. As the eldest son of Queen Elizabeth and Prince Philip, he is heir to the throne. Ho is concerned about the environment and about living conditions in Britain‘s cities. Re sometimes makes speeches which are critical of aspects of modem life.

Princess Diana

married Prince Charles in 198 I. She was very glamorous (okouzlující) and therefore a favourite of the popular press. When Charles and Diana separated in 1992 she received a lot of support from the media.

Speech

    England has a big heritage of gifted writers and artisans. John Wycliffe (1320-1384), a professor at Oxford University, wrote in the middle Ages. With the help of his students Wycliffe translated the Bible into English. His teaching had a strong influence on Jan Hus in Bohemia.

   Geoffrey Chaucer (1345-1400) lived and worked in the second half of the l4th century. His work is seen as a bridge between the medieval and Renaissance periods. His greatest work, a poem called Canterbury Tales, is a brilliant portrait of 30 pilgrims who travel to Canterbury and each tells four stories. The poem provides a graphic picture of l4th century English society.

    In 1476 a wealthy merchant, William Caxton, introduced printing in England. The availability of books helped the development of English into a common language, and made the writings of England‘s authors available to many more people.

    The period of the Renaissance was a time of great affluence and cultural activity in Europe. During this era, known also as the Elizabethan age, English explorers discovered new lands and military leaders won famous battles. Under the rule of Queen Elizabeth 1(1558-1603) England became prosperous, added new colonies, and began to grow into a powerful world empire.

    The greatest dramatist of the English Renaissance period was William Shakespeare (1564-16 16). Indeed, he is considered to be the greatest dramatists of all time in the world. His writings, in many ways, helped create the English language. Shakespeare‘s plays and poems are still studied by students of the English language around the world.

William Shakespeare

    William Shakespeare, the English poet and playwright, is often described as the greatest writer in the English language. He was born in Stratford-on-Avon on April 23, 1564. At the age of 18, he married Anne Hathaway and they had three children. In 1588, he moved to London and joined a theater company called the Chamberlain‘s Men. He began writing plays and poetry. His best-known poems are “The Sonnets“ (poems of 14 lines). They are a series of love poems written to an unknown “dark lady“. Some express the author’s devotion to a handsome man, some are written to dark lady, unfriendly but fascinating whom the writer loves, some are about a stolen mistress. Shakespeare returned to Stratford-on-Avon in 1611 and died the day after a boisterous celebration of his birthday in 1616.

    In 1592 he came to London and joined a group of actors (called the Lord Chamberlains Men, than the Kings Men) under the patronage of James I. In 1599 he bought the Globe Theatre. First hoe helped adapt older plays but later he started to write his own plays and he was very successful. Both Queen Elizabeth I. and James I. like him very much. His plays were first published in 1623, after his death. After sons death he went back to Stratford and lived a quiet life with his family. He died on the same day as he was born. He is buried at local Church.

    He wrote 37 plays – history plays, comedies and tragedies, 2 epic poems and 154 sonnets. His work is so large, that it becomes speculation, if he is the real author of that plays.

His heroes are renaissance person: he decides under his own will or feelings, the God stay instead. He showed mastery all sides of human seal, problems of social and political life. His first comedies are light farces, then romantic features prevail and in some a rather tragically note is hidden. Than there is romantic period. His last plays are balanced and wise romances

Theatre

    Elizabethan company: about 12 actors the 1st night every 15 days (long and a lot of roles in dramas). 20 days for rewriting the texts, all the roles, new costumes and decorations => actors had to be intellectually of high standard, good memory ÷ lots of them writers, painters or musicians. 500 actors in Elizabethan period (a real name was “play-maker“). Half of them were educated at Universities.

    Early plays: looking for new forms and contents fight of the good and evil inside the man. He came out of older plays because the Renaissance aim was not to discover new themes but to enrich old themes: the older and more famous, the better.

Historical plays

“King Richard III. “: the titan, terrible, cruel, clever but a real man with all the human qualities (he needs friends, he feels his loneliness.) he murdered several people to become king and was killed at the battle of Bosworth Field.

“Henry IV.“ “Henry V.,‘

“Antony and Cleopatra“

Comedies and tragicomedies

“The Merchant of Venice“ (kupec benátský) - the stereotyped “wicked Jew“ named Shylock. But he is not only a cruel moneylender who wants to have a pound of his debtor‘s flesh. He is the victim of the anti-semite contempt who can cry out in protest that the Jew has eyes and hands, passion like other men.

“As You Like It“

“Twelfth Night“ (Večer tříkrálový)

“The Taming of the Shrew“ (Zkrocení zlé ženy)

“A Midsummer Night Dream“ (sen noci svatojánské)- the peak of his comedies; three parallel plots: love between two young people, the story of the fairy king Oberon and his queen Titania (with elfs) and actors who are rehearsing a play in the forest.

“A comedy of errors” - Two sets of twin boys were separated at birth and know nothing of their twin. One set of twins is employed as servants to the other set. Much confusion arises when they au four come to the same city.

Tragedies

“Romeo and Juliet” - The play is set in Verona in Italy and tells the story of two young people, Romeo and Juliet, who fall in love although they are from families who are enemies. They marry secretly but are unable to live together and finally kill themselves. The most famous scene is the ‘balcony scene‘. The musical ‘West Side Story‘ is based on the play.

“Othello“ - the study of disorder in the sexual and domestic life; Othello is passionate, sincere and honest, Iago is a cruel man (Villain) who longs for power. He manipulates Othello into the murder of his wife Desdemona though she is innocent.

 “Macbeth“ - the tragedy of ambition which leads to numerous murders. First there is the temptation (prophecy of witches) which lures M. to murder his king, his guest and others. He is supported by his ambitious wife Lady Macbeth.

“Hamlet, Prince of Denmark“ - Hamlet’s uncle murdered his brother and succeeded to the throne. Hamlet sees the apparition of his dead father and wants to make revenge. He pretends to be mad and organizes a theatrical performance during which the murder is reacted. By mistake he kills Ophelia‘s father and is sent to England to be killed. He returns and at the end au the heroes die. It is a tragedy of an honest man who hesitates (“to be, or not to be“) and can‘t kill the man. He is an intellectual, too just to try to kill anybody.

“King Lear“ - about family relations and treason. It shows a chaos in a state which isn‘t governed by a strong ruler. Only after being teachered, King Lear sets on pilgrimage and comes to self knowledge. But it is too late to change the fate of his beloved. A tragedy is about Lear, a British king who divides his land and possessions among his daughters. Lear foolishly gives a share each to the two older daughters, Regan and Goneril, who are greedy and cruel, but refuses to give anything to the youngest, Cordelia, who is honest and loyal. Regan and Goneril later treat Lear badly and Cordelia finally comes to rescue him with a French army. In the battle that follows, however, she is captured and killed. Lear dies too and the play ends. It is best known for its speeches about parents and children.

Romances

“The Winter‘s Tale” (1610) - It begins sadly and ends happily. Leontes, king of Sicilia, thinks that his wife is not faithful. Re puts her in prison and orders his baby daughter to be left on a “desert shore“. Re believes that they are both dead, and feels very sorry for what he has done. His daughter, however, is found by a shepherd and grows up to become a shepherd herself. When she falls in love with a prince they run away together to Sicilia. There, Leontes recognizes his daughter and finds out that his wife is also alive. The young lovers are married and the king and queen are united again.

Popisování obrázků bývá jedním z důležitých prvků ústních zkoušek z angličtiny, od ústních maturit až po cambridgeské zkoušky ESOL (např. FCE, PET apod.) Proto je důležité vědět jak na to, a naučit se popisovat obrázky všeho druhu bez dlouhého přemýšlení. Může se totiž stát, že o obrázku řeknete dvě věty a více věcí vás již nenapadne, a potom nastane u zkoušky trapné ticho. Druhým problémem může být, že říkáte jen to, co vás v daný moment napadá, a takový popis je potom zmatený, protože skáčete od jednoho k druhému apod.

Popisování obrázků je ale dobré i když vás žádná zkouška nečeká, je to vynikající způsob učení a procvičování angličtiny. Budete-li totiž stále mluvit jen o sobě a věcech vám blízkých, budete pravděpodobně používat neustále stejný typ slovní zásoby a jen těžko budete někdy nuceni vyjádřit něco zcela nového. Popis obrázků vás naopak bude nutit používat různou slovní zásobu, často budete muset otevřít slovník a některá slovíčka si vyhledat. Každý obrázek ukazuje něco jiného, dokonce věci, se kterými se v běžném životě nikdy nesetkáte. Proto si pomocí nich procvičíte jiný jazyk, než když si povídáte s přáteli nebo si 'jen tak mluvíte'.

Co lze na obrázku popisovat

1) Objektivní popis - co skutečně vidíme

Celkový pohled

V popředí, v pozadí, v dálce

1. In the foreground - v popředí (In the foreground we can see a strange monument that looks like an old Viking ship...)
2. In the background - v pozadí (In the background, there is a lake or a sea...)
3. In the distance - v dálce (In the distance we can see a city standing on the coast...)

V rohu, vlevo, v pravo

Lidé

Co se děje

2) Subjektivní popis - můj názor

Co je to za obrázek

Co bylo předtím, co bude potom

Příběh

Vyšší téma

Důležité poznámky, časté chyby

IN the picture

THERE IS, THERE ARE

There are two chairs in the middle of the room. - tento slovosled je učebnicový, nejdříve je THERE IS, potom co, a potom až kdeIn the middle of the room, there are two chairs. - v popisu je ale snad ještě častější umístit příslovečné určení místa na začátek, potom je ale lepší oddělit jej čárkou.
In the middle of the room are two chairs. - na THERE nesmíme zapomínat, i když použijeme ono příslovečné určení na začátku věty! V literatuře tento slovosled pravděpodobně uvidíte, patří však spíše do literárního stylu.

There is a forest, in the forest there is a hill, on the hill there is a house, in the house there is a table, on the table there is a bowl, in the bowl there is some water, in the water there is a fish...

there is a house
there is some water
there are some people

Nějaký muž...

Předložky

Přítomné časy

Neznámá slovní zásoba

Jeden a druhý

One man is climbing up the tree and the other is watching him. - Jeden muž leze na strom a ten druhý ho pozoruje.

Jak se naučit popisovat obrázky

every other day - každý druhý den, obden

We go out for dinner every other day. Každý druhý den chodíme na večeři do restaurace. 

every single day - úplně každý den

I miss her every single day. Stýská se mi po ní skutečně každý den. 

the other day - tuhle

I met him in town the other day. Tuhle jsem ho potkal ve městě.

I went to this party the other night and... Tuhle večer jsem šel na takovou párty a ... He returned from holiday the other week. He was in Egypt. Před pár týdny se vrátil z dovolené. Byl v Egyptě. 

every now and then - tu a tam
every so often - občas
every now and again - občas
from time to time - čas od času

I invite her to dinner every now and then, but it's nothing serious. Občas ji pozvu na večeři,
ale není to nic vážného. I don't drink much, but I like to have a glass of wine every so often. Moc nepiju, ale občas
si rád dám skleničku vína. 

more often than not -zpravidla, většinou

Visits to my parents, more often than not, end with a disaster. Návštěvy k mým rodičům
zpravidla končí špatně. 

ages ago - strašně dávno

I sent the letter ages ago. How come it hasn't arrived yet? Ten dopis jsem už posílal
strašně dávno. Jak to,
že ti ještě nedošel? 

from then on - od té doby
from now on - od teďka

From now on, you will listen to what I say! Od teďka mě budeš poslouchat! They mended his car and it worked fine from then on. Opravili mu auto
a od té doby fungovalo skvěle. 

- No a? No a co?

I'm going out with Linda tomorrow night! -- So what? Zejtra jdu na rande s Lindou! -- No a co?

Hey, Luke, you know Max, right? -- Yeah. So? Čau, Lukáši, ty znáš Maxe, že jo? -- Jo. No a? 

Guess what! - Hádej, co je novýho!

Hey guys! Guess what! Sarah is getting married! Čau všichni. Hádejte,
co je novýho! Sarah se vdává! 

You bet! - To si piš!

Do you think he's taller than Jack? -- You bet! Myslíš, že je vyšší než Jack? -- To si piš! That's gonna be a killer party tonight. -- Yeah, you bet!. Večer to bude vostrej mejdan. -- Jo, to si piš. 

My ass! - No to určitě! No to zrovna!

I'm gonna get a new Porshe for Christmas. -- Yeah, my ass! Dostanu k vánocům nový Porshe.
-- No to určitě! They expected me to spend the Christmas with them. My ass! Očekávali ode mě, že s nimi
strávím vánoce. To zrovna! The review said the book was original and very readable. Yeah, original and readable my ass! Ta recenze tvrdila že ta kniha
je originální a velmi čtivá. Jo, originální a čtivá, to určitě! 

No way! - Ani náhodou! Ani omylem!

Could I borrow your car for a day or two? -- No way! Mohl bych si na den nebo dva půjčit
tvoje auto? -- Ani náhodou! 

Forget it! - Na to zapomeň!

Would you go out with me, Jenny? -- Forget it! Nešla bys se mnou někdy ven, Jenny? -- Na to zapomeň! 

- Peter, do you think you could help me out with my homework on Saturday? Petře, myslíš, že bys mi mohl
v sobotu pomoct s úkolem? - Well, actually, I... No, víš, já... - Oh, forget it. No tak nic.

How come? - Jak to?

Guess what! I'm not going to school tomorrow! -- How come? Hádej co! Já zejtra nejdu do školy.
-- Jak to? 

Poor thing, poor devil - chudák

Carol's daughter's broken her leg. -- Oh, poor little thing. Carolina holčička si zlomila nohu. -- Chudák malá! Jack's failed his exam again. -- Poor devil! Jack zase neudělal zkoušku. -- Chudák!

I've got straight A's this year! -- Good for you! Letos jsem dostal samé jedničky!
-- Gratuluju! / Ty se máš!

Too bad! Bummer! - To máš blbý! To je blbý!

You're allergic to strawberries? Too bad! Ty máš alergii na jahody? To máš blbý. I was caught cheating in a test the other day. -- Bummer! Tuhle mě přistihli, jak jsem opisoval
při písemce. -- No to máš blbý!

No kidding! - Fakt! Nekecám.

I saw our maths teacher making out with some woman in the park. No kidding! Viděl jsem našeho matikáře, jak se ocucává s nějakou ženskou v parku. Fakt! 

I saw our math teacher making out with some woman in the park. -- No kidding! Viděl jsem našeho matikáře, jak se ocucává s nějakou ženskou v parku. -- Nekecej! 

Come on! - Ale no tak!

Come on! We're already late. No tak dělej! Už jdeme pozdě.

Serves you right! - To máš za to.

Debbie dumped me yesterday. -- Serves you right! Debbie mi včera dala kopačky. -- To máš za to!

No idea! Search me! - Nemám tušení!

When's the final test? -- No idea! Kdy je závěrečnej test? -- Nemám tušení! Do you think she has a boyfriend? -- Search me! Myslíš si, že má kluka? -- Nemám páru! 

Cool! Great! Terrific! Awesome! - Super! Skvělý!

I've got two tickets for the Tori Amos concert! -- Terrific! Mám dva lístky na Tori Amos! -- Super! 

What do you say? - Co ty na to?

We've been invited to Roger's party tomorrow! What do you say? Jsme pozvaní na zítřejší
Rogerův mejdan! Co ty na to? 

Chill out! Cool off! - Klídek! Zchladni!

Hey, chill out! Nothing's happened between me and Colin. Hele, zklidni se. Nic se mezi
mnou a Colinem nestalo. 

I see! - Aha! Jo tak!

There's nothing between us. We're just friends. -- I see. Nic mezi námi není. Jsme
jen přátelé. -- Aha!

I don't care! Whatever! - To je mi jedno. To je mi fuk. Je mi to ukradený.

I'm really sorry about yesterday. -- Whatever! Moc se za včerejšek omlouvám. -- To mi jedno! Do you want to go to the movies tonight? -- Whatever. Chceš jít dneska do kina? -- To je jedno. Klidně. Don't you just love this song? -- I don't care! Že je tahle písnička úplně úžasná?! - Je mi to jedno. 

I think so. I guess so. - Myslím, že jo. Asi jo.

Isn't this Marlene's house? -- I guess so. Není tohle Marlenin dům? -- Asi jo.

Oh boy! Oh man! - Tý jo! Ach jo! A sakra! A hrome! Tý vole!

Oh boy! The house is on fire! A sakra! Hoří dům! Isn't Sarah just cute? -- Oh boy! She's beautiful. Že je Sarah roztomilá? -- Tý jo. Je nádherná. If you screw up again, you're fired! -- Oh boy. Jestli to ještě jednou poděláš, máš padáka! -- A sakra.